Ethical Codes Of A Public Administration - 985 Words

In chapter 6 of Ethics Primer Svara gives his opinons on why ethical codes are extremely valuable in public administration, as well as the purpose of them and how they are enforced. â€Å"The codes of association convey the values, standards, and behaviors that contribute to advancing the public interest, achieving their goals, and being true to their calling†.(87) Svara is trying to bring to our attention that these codes for the most part keep our public administrators and government officials in line. Later on in the chapter Svara brought up the creation and the purpose of these codes. Here he showed us the arguments for and against having a code of ethics. One one end it said that ethics is based on personal views and decisions while on the other side having rules in place keeps people in line. A code of ethics that was put together known as the ICMA codes gives a general idea of how people should conduct themselves. Finally we come across how these codes are enforced or s hould I say lack there of. According to svara the problem with enforcing ethical codes is its not possible due to the fact that ethics are on a person to person basis. Unless you do something that greatly affects the people you represent or do something thats illegal its quite hard to enforce these codes. There are a couple organizations that take complaints such as the ICMA or the AICP however since there isn t laws for these ethical codes it again makes it extremely hard to enforce. In chapter 5 ofShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of The Public Administration System Essay814 Words   |  4 Pagesin duty. The nature, meaning and scopes of ethics have overgrown in the course of time. Ethics is thickened to public administration. In public administration, ethics concentrates on how the public administrator should question and reflect in order to be able to act responsibly. We can simply bisect the two by saying that ethics deals with morals and values, while public administration is full o f actions and decisions. The levels of ethics in governance are devoted to historical, Social, EconomicRead MoreUnethical Behavior Has A Negative Impact On The Public, Economy And Work Environment Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesMerriam-Webster dictionary is â€Å"the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group† (Ethic, 2015). As public administration professionals, we have a duty to make ethical decisions and always put the general public’s interest before our interest. Repeatedly, the general public is being confronted with unethical behavior. Unethical behavior continues to be a persistent problem in the public, nonprofit and for-profit sectors. Some recent unethical behavior includes military sex crime cover-ups,Read MoreEssay about Ethical Behavior in Public Management594 Words   |  3 PagesEthical behavior in leaders in Public Administration has a significant impact on their employees and the environment of their work place. Ethics is not looked at in the same light in ot her parts of the world. What some cultures view as normal behavior, our culture may view as unethical or corruption. (Branscome, 2008, p. 1). Some behaviors in other cultures have been instilled as a normal way of doing business. In our culture, employees feel their leaders should be beyond reproach in order forRead MoreEthics and Accountability in Public Service1697 Words   |  7 PagesEthics, Integrity and Accountability in Public Sector: Practice and Lessons Learned in Latvia Aleksejs Loskutovs, Director Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau Latvia 28 September 2006 (10 min.) The public sector in Latvia has undergone many important changes over the past decade. In mid 1990s Latvian government started a major public administration reform. This reform was one of the cornerstones on Latvia’s way to the European Union, which we joined in May 2004. Latvia made a great effortRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics1479 Words   |  6 Pagessolicitors are required to conduc t themselves in an ethical manner. Solicitors are regularly trying to tackle cases presented to them with ethical implications and dilemmas. The Oxford English Dictionary has a few meanings to the word ethics. The broad use of the term ethics is sometimes equated with moral principles, or a system of these. However, it also describes ethics to be â€Å"The moral principles or values held or shown by an individual person. The codes of conduct or moral principles recognized inRead MoreThe Normative Foundations Of Public Service Ethics832 Words   |  4 PagesFoundations of Public Service Ethics Introduction Those thought to be ethical or moral are described in terms of their values in regards to honesty, integrity and good character. Our ethical conduct originates from our values which are greatly influenced by our morals; they provide guidance and are our standard for the ways in which we carry out and view right and wrong decisions. For these reasons, personal ethics are said to be our foundation and, as such, often influence how we administer ethical codesRead MoreThe Challenges Of Professional s Infectiveness923 Words   |  4 Pagesprogress†(p.4). Professionals and practitioners are individuals that are highly educated in a certain field of study. For example, our government looks to them for expertise for certain public problems. They are an essential part to our society. They work in favor of the public good because they come up with expert solutions to public problems. Professionals have their challenges and have been known in some incidences to negatively impact the soci ety. Professional’s infectiveness is a challenge that professionalsRead MoreEssay on Legal and Ethical Issues in School Counseling1392 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of this paper focuses on the battles school counselors face as the law and ethical standards collide. School counselors face a number of legal and ethical issues and recognizing a clear decision isn’t always easy. School counselors have to work with a large number of students, parents, and administrators while conforming to ethical codes, state laws, and school board guidelines. This topic is of great relevance to me as I will be going into the school counseling profession. It is alsoRead MorePolice Misconduct And Criminal Justice923 Words   |  4 Pagesmisconduct is defined as inappropriate action taken by police officers in relation with their official duties (Police Misconduct Law Legal Definition, n.d.). In order to solve this issue, one must acknowledge their different challenges, overcome th e â€Å"code of silence†, and find out the role of organizational culture. Challenges Facing Police Executives There are many challenges facing the police executives in the 21st century, such as civil disorder and criminal prosecution of officers. In recent yearsRead More Codes of Ethics in Health Care Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Codes are in use today by many organizations to clearly establish their values and provide a procedure if a code violation occurs. Medical ethics began as a professional code for physicians and has now expanded and includes a variety of health care professions and health care organizations. The growth of medical knowledge and technology have grown so have the concerns that ethical standards and issues facing our society today may be compromised or not appropriately addressed (Littleton

Slaughterhouse Five And Its Depictions Of Key World War II...

Josh Cohen Mrs. Hallstrom English Honors 4 8 May 2016 Slaughterhouse-Five and its Depiction of Key World War II Events Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five is an interesting but complicated novel about a man bouncing through time and space. The novel is a satire with elements of science fiction, although Kurt Vonnegut incorporates into the plot some of his actual experiences as a World War II soldier and prisoner of war. Vonnegut’s lead character and protagonist is Billy Pilgrim, a person who time travels throughout the novel. Vonnegut brings the readers along on Billy’s wild and unpredictable journey which goes in several different directions. While this complicates the story, Vonnegut keeps returning to the theme of war by returning Billy back to his time as a soldier during World War II. Vonnegut devotes significant portions of Slaughterhouse-Five to the war theme, capturing the zeitgeist of World War II through vivid and highly accurate depictions of key events such as the Battle of the Bulge, the use of boxcars to transport prisoners of war, and the bombing of Dresden by the Allied forces. By transporting Billy back to the Battle of the Bulge, Vonnegut effectively captures the harsh realities of this significant and vitally important World War II event. Early in the novel, Billy is thrust into his regiment when â€Å"it was in the process of being destroyed by the Germans in the famous Battle of the Bulge† (Vonnegut 40). Billy finds himself in the middle of this difficultShow MoreRelated The Life of Billy Pilgrim in Vonneguts Slaughterhouse-Five or The Childrens Crusade2042 Words   |  9 PagesThe Life of Billy Pilgrim in Vonneguts Slaughterhouse-Five or The Childrens Crusade      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marked by two world wars and the anxiety that accompanies humanitys knowledge of the ability to destroy itself, the Twentieth Century has produced literature that attempts to depict the plight of the modern man living in a modern waste land. If this sounds dismal and bleak, it is. And that is precisely why the dark humor of Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. shines through our post-modern age. The devastatingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesLinda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape

First 48 vs. Cold Case Files Free Essays

First 48 vs. Cold Case Files There are many different types of murder shows. I have two that are my favorite shows to watch. We will write a custom essay sample on First 48 vs. Cold Case Files or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both are reality shows, because I lose interest quickly when it is not about things that are really happening. As you know the news never tells you everything about what happens. First 48 is the name of the first one. It focuses on the present murders and the detectives that work the crime scene. It is set in the first forty-eight hours after the crime has been committed. The second show, Cold Case Files is a show that focuses on old murder case, that have went on for years without being solved. They both deal in murders though differently. Both shows have the detectives, and they both give details the news would not release. My most favorite is the First 48 this show follows homicide detectives in real life investigations. The main idea behind naming the show First 48 is, after the first forty eight hours the chances of solving a murder are cut in half. First 48 focuses on the perpetrator of the crime, witnesses, the discovery of the bodies as it happens, and with real footage. With First 48 unfortunately not all the cases get solved by the end of the show. The show goes to the top police departments in the United States, such as Miami, Birmingham, Vegas, and Memphis just to name a few. The detectives show you how the case develops as the hours tick down. At the bottom of the screen the views are notified with a clock counting down. You get to see the arrest and the interrogation of the perpetrator as it happens. They also show the viewer interviews as they happen with the witness, families, and friends of the victim. Most of the crime on First 48 happens in bad neighborhoods, so sometimes the detectives run into obstacles because the witnesses are scared for their life. Occasionally in better neighborhoods witnesses are more willing to help detectives, and the case gets solved quickly. The viewer gets to see the pain, anger and loss from family and friends of the victim as if you were there. It can be hard to watch some of the cases because they are so sad to see such young people lose their lives to gang and drug violence. I remember an episode where there was a little girl that was nine years old and she was a witness to her parent murder. The offender walked into the house, and shot everyone in the house. There were four kids and two adults and the nine year was the only was the only survivor. It was so disturbing at the end to find out that it was her uncle that was the perpetrator. In contrast to First 48, Cold Case Files is about cases that have â€Å"gone coldâ€Å". A case that has gone cold is a case that has been unsolved for years. Cold Case Files also takes you through the investigation process, they do cases from everywhere in the United States. They use new technology and old-fashion police work to find the killers who think the hunt is off, but what they don’t know is that just because a case goes cold that doesn’t mean it is closed. The show takes you step by step to see-through the methods used to catch the murders. They investigate each piece of existing evidence, the witnesses, and all the old leads with modern technology. Cold Case Files also has interviews with the family, police officers, some from when the crime happened, and some from now about what happened then. They have interviews with the new detectives on the case that have solved the cases. It also does reenactments of the crimes, and some may be a little graphic for some people. I watched an episode where was a lady and her boyfriend who were in their back yard getting ready for a vacation. She left her ex-boyfriend because he was an abusive man. As they were gathering their belongings up, her ex snuck up on them and shot them both in the face at close range. Her boyfriend died on the scene, but she survived. Her ex was on the run for thirty years. This episode showed pictures of her face before, immediately after, and thirty years later after his conviction. The cold cases always get solved before the end of the show. The cases range from crimes of passion, murder for money, to serial murders. The narrator helps fill in gaps of information and helps to move the viewer along with the cases, his name is Bill Kurtis. The show was also nominated for prime time Emmy’s in 2004 and 2005. As you can see they are both great show with many similarities and big differences which I will go into detail for you now. First, both shows are about solving murders. Although, each does it in totally different ways, with the First 48 the crimes are murders that have happened in the last few years. Whereas, Cold Case Files, it is totally about cases that have gone cold for several years. They both have homicide detectives that solve and work the cases. Though in First 48 you get to know the detectives personally, with Cold Case Files they do not get personal with their detectives. With Cold Case Files they deal with murders around the United States. They have both been nominated for awards, and have wonderful narrators, such as Bill Kurtis for Cold Case Files. As you can see both First 4and Cold Case Files can easily catch a viewer attention because they are very suspenseful. On First 48 it really sad to me to know there are so many murders that happen from day to day. Whereas, for Cold Case Files it is remarkable how many murders go unsolved. See how long some murderers’ walk around free in our world not having to pay for their crimes, which they have committed. All of the things that are different and alike about First 48 and Cold Case Files are the reason I like them so much. How to cite First 48 vs. Cold Case Files, Papers

Is Zambian a Peaceful Nation free essay sample

This paper will first define the key terminologies like, peace as defined by different scholars, explain what it means by state of law or civil government, a state of justice or goodness and a balance of power coupled with discussion weather Zambia is a peaceful nation or not in line with the given definition. Zambia is a tropical country landlocked between Botswana, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Angola, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The country, formerly Northern Rhodesia, gained independence from Britain in 1964. Since independence Zambia has not experienced any military war but has experienced violence mainly political and more than half of the population lives in poverty, no access to proper health care, employment, education and a lot of inequalities between the rich and the poor. To this day Zambian’s clam to be at peace, mainly because of lack of war, the peaceful transition of political powers from Kenneth Kaunda to late president Chiluba to late president Mwanawasa then Rupiah Banda and now president Michael Sata. Peace is something which is vastly misinterpreted and misrepresented in today’s world. Everyone has their own perceptions about it. Peace isn’t just a cleaver way of showcasing your imposed superficial friendliness while brewing up violent tendencies from within. Peace is not just lack of wars, it’s about the victory of reality over virtual superiority, the realization that everyone in the world is nothing but equal. It means to give the due share of respect to everyones opinion and thinking before putting your ideas into action (Galtung, J. 1996). Trostle’ (1992) comprehensively defines peace as, a state of well-being that is characterized by trust, compassion, and justice. In this state, we can be encouraged to explore as well as celebrate our diversity, and search for the good in each other without the concern for personal pain and sacrifice; it provides us a chance to look at ourselves and others as part of the human family, part of one world. Baechler (2002) defines peace as a political condition that ensures justice and social stability through formal and informal institutions, practices and norms. He further adds that, several conditions must be met for peace to be reached and maintained: balance of political power among the various groups within a society, region or most ambitiously, the world; legitimacy for decision makers and implementers of decisions in the eyes of their respective groups, as well as those of external parties, dully supported through transparency and accountability. There must be reliable and trusted institutions for resolving conflicts and mutual understanding of rights, interests, intents and flexibility despite incompatibilities. For many, Peace is a state of harmony characterized by the lack of violence, conflict behaviors and the freedom from fear of violence. Commonly understood as the absence of hostility, peace also suggests the existence of healthy or newly healed interpersonal or international relationships, prosperity in matters of social or economic welfare, the establishment of equality, and a working political order that serves the true interests of all (Galtung, J. 1996). Peace is also defined as a state of law or civil government, a state of justice or goodness, a balance or equilibrium of power. State of Law† implies that the use of public power is predictable on the basis of legal rules. Once this term is uttered, one associates it also with a series of platitudes such as â€Å"the rule of law, â€Å"legitimate government†, â€Å"impartial courts†, â€Å"fair trial†, â€Å"protection of citizens against the power-holders† and so on. The State of Law thus requires formal legal certainty, which means that the exercise of public power is predictable on the basis of legal rules. But predictability is not enough. It is a constitutional state in which the exercise of governmental power is constrained by the law citizens share legally based civil liberties and they can use the courts. A country cannot be a liberal democracy without first being a state of law. The state based on the supremacy of national constitution and exercises coercion and guarantees the safety and constitutional rights of its citizens (Neate F. and Nielsen H. 2007). Justice is a concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, natural law, religion, equity or fairness, as well as the administration of he law, taking into account the inalienable and inborn rights of all human beings and citizens, the right of all people and individuals to equal protection before the law of their civil rights, without discrimination on the basis of race, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, color, ethnicity, religion, disability, age, or other characteristics, and is further regarded as being inclusive of social justice (James, K. 2003). Justice is the quality of being just; the quality of being correct or right; righteous, equitableness, or moral rightness, to uphold the justice of a cause, the moral principle determining just conduct, fair representation of facts, vindictive retribution, conformity to right relationships, making things right, honesty, impartiality, rectifying the wrong, restitution, and fairness (Lederach, 1997: 28). Justice requires the recognition of certain basic needs. The notion of needs tends to be controversial when it is culturally defined and when needs are converted into rights, which make demands on other people. Therefore, the sense of absolute needs or rights ignores the differences in needs and rights between different people and different cultures (Solomon, 1995: 187-193). Rawls (1999b: 31999b: 3) applies the idea of justice mainly to individuals in the society, in his book, The Laws of Peoples he extends the political conception of right and justice to constitutional liberal democracies. There is a true peace when all societies are satisfied with status quo for the right reasons. According to Mulunga (2013), the theory of separation of power signifies that government should have three organs that is legislature, judiciary and the executive whose functions must be separated from each other in the interest of individual liberty. The executive which is headed by the president who is the chief executive (provided by article 33) is the largest organ whose main role of running the government, formulation and implementation of national policies. The executive also executes laws, orders, rules, regulations and others for maintaining peace and good government. The executive is very important in the process of governance as it is through this institution that the administration of all affairs of the state is carried out. It includes the police, prisons services and the Defense forces. Separation of powers, with the executive, legislative and judicative branches of government are there to limit each others power and providing for checks and balances or Division of the legislative, executive, and judicial functions of government among separate and independent bodies. Such a separation limits the possibility of arbitrary excesses by government, since the sanction of all three branches is required for the making, executing, and administering of laws. Philosophers such Aristotle, Bolingbroke and Montesquieu have pointed out the importance of governing the country under the three institutions provided they operate within the perimeters to ensure the smooth running of a country (Besa, 2011). Following the definition that, peace is a state of Law or civil government, a state of justice or goodness, a balance or equilibrium of powers then a nation can be said to be peaceful. Using this definition to discuss Zambia ,as highlighted above a state of law is a constitutional state in which the exercise of governmental power is constrained by the law, citizens share legally based civil liberties and they can use the courts. A country cannot be a liberal democracy without first being a state of law (Neate, F. and Nielsen H. 2007). In the case of Zambia, the Rule of Law has failed in many cases. There have been times when political leaders changed the constitution to suit their needs and to oppress their political opponents in the past and present governments. This was the case from the first constitutional amendment to the current one. An example is when president Rupiah’s government removed the abuse of office clause from the constitution. This is why Zambia to date has been struggling to put up a good constitution because every time political parties in power want to put clauses that protect them and not the Zambians. In further justifying why Zambian cannot be considered to be peaceful nation, it’s important to look at the governance system; Zambia is said to be democratic nation meaning it has to be ruled under democratic principles. Good governance is a set of ideas about the legitimacy, competence and accountability of the government about respect for human rights and the rule of law (Besa, M. 2011). Good governance is an essential framework within which business can flourish and provide economic prosperity and ordinary citizens can seek to have their health, education and welfare needs met. Good governance is vital in any country or organization because it enables citizens to enjoy full human rights and freedom; it also makes the government accountable to the people and makes government operation transparently. With the understanding of good governance it can be said that Zambia does not fully qualify to be exercising good governance. Politicians in Zambia take advantage their political power and high levels of illiteracy among citizens and forget accountability issues. Zambia as a country has few and weak characteristic of good governance such as; citizens participation, citizens, s right to participate in the affairs of the community and the county at large that affect them, in Zambia some people who speak against government or a particular party, risk being harassed by that party’ loyalists or arrested by state agents such as the police. According to the 2009 Affirmation of Commonwealth Values and Principles (Appendix I), member states (Zambia inclusive) are obliged to uphold â€Å"equality and respect for protection and promotion of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights for all without discrimination on any grounds. †Ã‚   The Affirmation further requires that member states recognize that tolerance, respect, and understanding, strengthen democracy and development; recognizing also that respect for the dignity of all human beings is critical to promoting peace and prosperity†. Zambia is a state in which justice is only for the rich and politicians. There is no distributive justice for the majority poor Zambians, Although Citizens have the right to elect their leaders, the right to stand for public office and make leaders accountable for their actions the don’t really experience justice. In Zambia Leaders from the parties that have been and are in power feel they are above the law and get barking from the ruling president of their time , a good example of this are the two recent cases of the current PF government were two cabinet ministers ( Minister of justice and minister of defence) were associated with corruption, the citizens were able to speak out and the two ministers were called for interrogation by the law enforcement agencies but did not corporate because they viewed themselves as superiors over the law enforcement agencies. Further to that note, the president who is a member of the executive issued a statement saying the law enforcement agencies should consult him before interrogating any of his ministers. This action is an indication of bad governance and abuse of power; it shows that some citizens are more equal than others. If it were members of the opposition and former government officials an arrest would have been issued. A good example of such is the resolution to remove Mr. Banda’s immunity which was based on a umber of allegations among which were the procurement of campaign materials such as branded bulbs, chitenge materials, bicycles and the personal property, Mpundu Trust where the former First Lady Tandiwe Banda is the director. Because Mr. Banda is not in the ruling party his cases are given special attention with directive from the executive (Zambia Daily Mail, March, 15, 2013). The justice system in Zambia is a failure because it is mostly selective and does not work according to democratic principles. The law enforcement agencies and the police in all the past governments work under influence of the leaders in power. The police however carry a special mandate to enforce law and order where our society fails to voluntarily observe it. In Zambia the Police Service is always impartial, there has been many accusations with evidence against the police service pointing to the fact that it is partial when executing political activities , the police service has tended to favor the ruling parties members and their carders over citizens and other opposition political parties. Police have also prevented or Delay justice in many instances. The security wings in the Zambian government have also failed to protect citizens, they act fast when the people involved are politicians or rich unlike the poor. The Police instead of protecting citizens, they have contributed to killing them. For instance in the Mongu riot many people were killed for protesting, the UPND youth were also badly beaten by the police for holding peaceful demonstrations over the Development Bank of Zambia (DBZ) unpaid debt of K 14 billion by JNC holdings which is run by Mtembo Nchito and Fred M’membe (The Post, May 17, 2013). Additionally even if Citizens are all free to vote, to be voted into power, right to security, freedom of association , freedom of expression and conscience as well as expression are partially tolerated in Zambia. Citizens for some time now in 3 different governments have been faced with threats of lack of development in their areas if the vote for the opposition. People with different political opinion are not free to express themselves and their opinions as they fear arrests, this happened to Fr Frank Bwalya during the last term of the MMD, he was arrested for speaking up for Zambians in his red card campaign strategy. Apart from different political opinions, Zambia also has a number of political parties who are there to provide checks and balance. There are also there to facilitate peaceful transfer of power from one party to another but are threatened and prosecuted by the ruling party and even arrested. With such acts democracy suffer greatly as the opposition is weakened. This benefits neither government nor the citizens. We have been through a one party system of governance before and risks going back because The Zambian people are not at peace but leave in uncertainty. In a true democracy, people do not get injured or stoned for exercising their right to assemble or their right to freedom of speech; people are not subjected to constant threats and insults from the president, politicians, party cadres for demanding good governance and accountability from those in power; court orders are not ignored with impunity and the police are professional. In the case of Zambia it citizens are injured or killed by police or party carders for standing up for their rights and even demanding for accountability (Ndulo, M. 013). For instance, the current removal of the fuel and maize, has affected common Zambians who are the majority. The citizens are not given a platform to speak out or protest over the government’s policy decisions instead they are either arrested or intimidated for expulsion. The past four and the current Zambian governments have not used the instruments of power to serve and protect its citizens, promote peace and meaningful dialogue to b enefit the common Zambians. In Zambia the separation of powers is more a name than a description. None of the three branches (legislative, executive, or judicial) of the national government are clearly separate from one another. The several departments of power are not separated but blended. Zambia being a democratic government, the exercise of political power must respect the law, the constitution and the will of the people, through the decision of their legislative representatives. This requires that power be separated so that the head of government and his ministers do not have the power to make the law or to interfere in court cases. In a democracy, the executive branch implements policies and programs, administers the national budget, and conducts national affairs. It may also propose laws, but only the parliament may enact legislation, including the budget. Only the courts can decide the guilt or innocence of individuals charged with crime, and only the higher courts can determine whether a law or a government action or policy is constitutional. The separation of powers has not been implemented according o democratic principles, especially when it comes to the executive interfering in the judicial process as well as legislature. The executive in Zambia has been vested with a lot of power. They can influence the judiciary and legislature in making decisions that suits them. For example on the case of former second republican president Dr Fredrick Chiluba, the executive directed the judiciary to acquit Chiluba of all cases against him even after he was found guilty by the London courts. In Zambia those in control of government have abused and interfered in the prosecutions process by harassing facilitating missing court files causing unjustified prosecutions and by exempting their own supporters, friends, allies or ministers from facing the law because of their illegal acts. Because of the powers the president has, he appoints the Director of Public Prosecution, minister of justice and also has the powers to elect members of the legislature. With this power it is also easy for the president to control all the three arms of government. This is seen in the recent defection of members of the legislature to join the ruling party because they have been promised jobs as deputy ministers. This act compromise democracy and peace in a nation (Ibid). The constant attack on the independence of the judiciary is a clear violation of the principle of separation of power. The funding of the judiciary and subsequent appointments of the judges by the executive compromises the efficient delivery of services. The country has seen the judiciary being funded and appointments of political commission of inquiries, persecutions of opponents with force cases and calling for the removal of independent judges. The judiciary may not act according to the laid down procedures or criticize the actions of the executive just to safe guard their jobs. In conclusion, Zambians are now concerned with the current situation in the country, this is why Recently the three Christian Church Mother Bodies namely: the Council of Churches in Zambia (CCZ), the Evangelical Fellowship of Zambia (EFZ) and the Zambia Episcopal Conference (ZEC) expressed their displeasure. They also have seen that nation today, stands at the crossroads and at a crisis. They said â€Å" the country face many challenges related with governance and survival, among which, are increasing levels of poverty among the majority of people, a pervading cancer of rampant corruption, escalating youth unemployment, the growing gap between the rich and the poor, an education system that is falling apart, a poor health service delivery coupled with the unclear constitution making process, the gagging or muzzling of people’s freedoms, the arrests of the opposition party leaders and human rights violations (http://www. ambianwatchdog. com). A number of factors that may show that there is no peace in Zambia include; the welfare of its citizens, many Zambians especially those living in peri-urban and rural areas are unable to meet their daily need that is; shelter, clothing and food. Jobs are scares, public facilities like hospitals, schools and universities are underfunded with m inimal infrastructure to cater for the souls that remain hopeful for a break through. There is not justice because only a few rich people and those in political offices are enjoying the country’s resources. The other major concerns are that billions or thousands of kwacha’s are being spent on the by- election unlike spent for national development or improvement of social sectors as well as industry so as to improve employment levels in the country. Zambia’s leaders are so ready to waste colossal sums of money in the campaigns whilst hospitals still face a critical shortage of medical staff, equipment and essential drugs. How can one be at peace when they are stressed, thinking of where they will find food for their children, money for education , drugs and when they are using the road infrastructure which is not good , all they think of is whether they will reach their destination or not. Peace is not just the absence of war but about having a Law or civil government, a state of justice or goodness, a balance or equilibrium of powers. REFERENCE Besa,M. (2011). Constitution, Governance and Democracy Buchanan, J. (1999). The Logical Foundations of Constitutional Liberty, Volume 1, Liberty Fund, Indianapolis, , p. 314 Galtung, J. (1996). Peace by peaceful means: peace and conflict, development and civilization, page 32. Sage Publications. James ,K. 2003. Which Is the Fairest One of All? A Positive Analysis of Justice Theories. Journal of Economic Literature 41, no. 4: page 1188 Lederach , John. P. (1997). Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies Washington: USIP. Neate, F. and Nielsen H. (2007). The World Rule of Law Movement and Russian Legal Reform. Moscow: Justitsinform Mulunga, M. M. (2013). National Government and Administration. Module PA 201 Solomon, Robert C (1995). A Passion for Justice. Lanham: Md. Rowman amp;Littlefied. Rev. Suzanne Matale Rev. Pukuta N. Mwanza Fr. Cleopas Lungu (15th March, 2013) Council of Churches in Zambia Evangelical Fellowship of Zambia and Zambia Episcopal Conference (CCZ) (EFZ) (ZEC). http://www. zambianwatchdog. com/church-mother-bodies-worried-by-worsening-political-situation-in-zambia/comment-page-1/ Retrieved on 27th April 2013. Trostle, T. (1992). Personal correspondence The Post Newspaper (May 17, 2012). M’membe and his Friends steal 14billion Kwacha Zambia Daily Mail (March 15, 2013). Former President Rupiah Banda immunity Stripped www. postzambia. com/zm/archieve/wednesday9/2009. Retrieved on 26 April 2013.