The Telephone Free Essays

The Telephone â€Å"Before the phone came to Magdaluna, Im Kaleem’s house was clamoring at pretty much whenever of day, particularly around evening time, when its windows were splendidly lit with three enormous oil lights, and the uproarious voices of the men talking, snickering, and contending could be heard in the road belowâ€a consoling, enjoyable sound† Anwar F. Accawi (p. 46). We will compose a custom exposition test on The Telephone or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now It’s difficult to envision that a solitary gadget, for example, the phone, yet a forward leap in innovation, could change a person’s everyday life, except a whole town. These men in the town encountered the entirety of the extravagances the town brought to the table at no expense, Im Kaleem gave the men a spot to assemble for discussion, games, drinks and sexual administrations. The youngsters used to stick around Ima Kaleem’s yard messing around hanging tight for a call down from a portion of the men mentioning tasks in return for cash. In any case, that all changed once the phone was introduced, a large portion of the men would now sit at Abu Raja’s store, â€Å"they were continually gazing upward from their games and beverages and converse with look at the telephone in the corner, as though anticipating that it should ring any moment and bring news that would transform them and convey them from their random existence†. (p. 46) Exposure to the phone influenced the men in the town, however it additionally influenced the ladies, kids and their whole lifestyle. I get exceptionally eager to catch wind of, read about or experience new innovation, and I grew up encompassed by a steady rise of innovation, from pagers and mobile phones to the home pc. I recall when we purchased our first PC, they were simply turning into a typical family unit gadget, my father got back home from the store and requested that I hold the entryway open while he shipped in these gigantic boxes, I had never observed my father so amped up for battling and perspiring while at the same time moving things in the house. I had no clue about what was in those cases, yet I got inquisitive and energized as my father opened the cases and evacuated all the bundling, taking everything out piece by piece. Viewing my father bumble around with the directions and all the wires fully expecting something significant happening made me excessively energized and I had no clue about what this even was. â€Å"You can do nearly anything you can envision with this thing† he said to me in an enlivened voice. To me it just seemed as though a TV sitting on a work area, I began to get exhausted of watching this spaghetti of wires get associated each in turn at an exceptionally anguishing pace. My father was resolved and after what appeared long periods of running to and fro between the wires and the guidelines, he investigated at me with a colossal grin all over as he fueled the PC on. â€Å"I’m finished† he shouted, â€Å"now let’s see with this thing can do† he said. He wasn’t joking, this was astonishing, you could send electronic mail that could be opened by the other individual quickly, you could tune in to music, text, mess around with somebody from another nation, it appeared that there was nothing this gadget couldn't do. It was boundless with circumstance and could take you anyplace your creative mind would permit. So I am not astounded that when this small town, that didn't have the straightforward things in life, for example, a schedules, timekeepers or in any event, running water, were so impacted by the appearance of the phone. This gave the individuals new expectations and dreams, it allowed them a chance to encounter new things and discover what the outside world was doing and could offer. â€Å"Within a year, just the debilitated, the old, and the mangled were left in the town. Magdaluna turned into a skeleton of its previous self, barren and neglected, similar to the burial chambers, a spot to escape from†. Anwar F. Accawi(p. 7) The calls inevitably came in true to form and individuals began leaving the town for new chances, some went into the military while others went to investigate new openings. Every one of them left searching for a superior life than the one they had in the town. With new innovation comes new chance, I’m not saying that more current is in every case b etter, however it can free you up to things you never thought conceivable. It can give you decisions that you never had. I have confidence at long last Accawi was content with the manner in which his life turned out yet thought back of how he cherished his life as a little fellow in the town. Step by step instructions to refer to The Telephone, Essay models

Researching Politics and International Relations Essay

Looking into Politics and International Relations - Essay Example 11) The thought is that governmental issues is unique in its character, with its belief systems and values, and couldn't be seen by the faculties. The positivist school distinguished this as the most significant rule all together for a field to be viewed as truthful and, thus, estimated, inspected and broke down experimentally. Also, alongside the theoretical ideas, for example, feel, political hypothesis was consigned to the minor assertions of clashing inclinations and sentiments. This point of view, be that as it may, changed with the rise of behaviorism. Here, political theory under the more extensive inclusion of sociology became logical due to the precise presentation of quantitative strategies for investigation as the incomparable techniques for request just as dislodging of the standardizing systems of political scholars by the advancement of the experimental hypothesis. (Held, p. 13) One of the most significant contentions behind this school is the Aristotelian idea that man is a social being and human action is carried on in a social and political setting. Political theory, henceforth, examines, â€Å"inter alia, the main performance center in which great men must showcase their lives; and in deciding the plan of the theater it will of need look into, and sets limit upon, the sort of dramatization which might be played out there.† (Aristotle et al. p. xvii) in such manner, Held likewise refered to the contentions of figures like Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos and Mary Hesse who focused on that science, as a type of human movement itself, is unpreventably an interpretative undertaking, including issues of importance, correspondence and interpretations †factors that political theory additionally covers. (p. 13) At last, one goes to Lyotard’s (1984) measures with the goal for legislative issues to be considered as logical. For him, science is a subset of learning and that it is made out of denotative proclamations and forces two beneficial conditions on their

How to Write a Research Paper

How to Write a Research PaperWriting a research paper is like writing any other work of art. While you are writing the paper, you must also spend some time to think of the plot, key points and the importance of the paper. You have to think of a good research paper that will make the reader interested in the subject. Then you have to think of who should write your research paper.The first idea of a writer who can write a research paper is to check with someone whom you know and trust to do the job and pay him or her a certain amount for that. For example, if you and your spouse can write a research paper on the same topic, then you may consider paying them for writing the paper.There are many people who can write a research paper very well if they follow a specific pattern of writing. If the pattern of writing that they follow is not followed properly, the paper will be written very poorly and may even turn out to be too wordy.The method of writing a research paper, which is used by m any, is what I call 'the first pass'. This method is very simple to understand. This method involves collecting information from all the necessary resources of the topic. All the information is collected before writing the paper so that it is in a form of a research report.The data gathered from the sources would be used to compare and contrast all the findings before writing the paper. The comparison and contrast would be so much better than just a mere summary, when compared to a simple summary, when writing a research paper.When you are planning to write a research paper, think of the topics that you are going to cover and whether the topic is too small to write a research paper or too big to write a research paper. Many people write a research paper when the topic is too small because they get confused about their topic and so they write a research paper that is small and clear.However, when writing a research paper that is too big to write, it is best to first think about the t opics and write a research paper about the topic that is large in terms of the subjects that you are going to write about. In this case, you can also avoid the problem of not knowing the topics and researching them.So the first step to writing a research paper is to get the basics of research papers and follow the pattern that would help you start writing a research paper. After that, you need to choose the right writer who can write a research paper on the topic that you have chosen.

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Analysis of Different Viewpoints of US Involvement in the...

Thirty-eight years have passed and the Vietnam War is still a controversial topic. While some Americans believe that Indochina was of no strategic value to the United States, others argue that civilian leaders have undermined the war effort. My paper will help analyze the different viewpoints for U.S. involvement in Vietnam and the overall assessment of each. Almost all the sources utilized came to the consensus that the chief purpose for U.S. intervention was to stop Communism from spreading. Nevertheless, while some believed that the developed country had reason to fear the â€Å"Iron Curtain,† which fell upon Asia in 1954 with the armistice in Korea and the Geneva Accords, others did not see this as an act of upholding freedom and democracy.†¦show more content†¦Summers (1995) added that American arrogance stemmed from the presumption that it knew what was best for the world in terms of social, political, and economic development, and seeing it as its duty to force the world into the American mold, it became involved in Vietnam. Anderson (2007), Summers (1995) and Gardner (2000) did not believe that credibility was the correct way to handle the Vietnam War, whereas Lind (1999) and Smith (1985) thought it more of an opportunity for the U.S. to exhibit its power. Those in defense of U.S. intervention many times declared that Vietnam had entered a civil war prior to any outside interference. Both Moyar (2008) and Dunnigan (1999) explained that Ngo Dinh Diem had sought for Washington to include more army and sext leaders in the government in order to increase its efficiency. The American Army reported that South Vietnam was stricken with â€Å"almost total political and military paralysis,† and that unless current trends were reversed, which were deemed unlikely, the Communists would take over Vietnam â€Å"long before the 1956 elections†. In other words, intervention seemed necessary because there was strong proof of Communism being a threat and South Vietnam required assistance. America became involved because they didn’t want a CommunistShow MoreRelatedThe War On Terror : An Example Of All Three Foreign Policy Tools Is Afghanistan Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesThe War on Terror required utilizing pre-emptive war, regim e change, and unilateralism. An example of all three foreign policy tools is Afghanistan. Bush took a hard line approach with the Taliban government of Afghanistan, who had a semi-friendly working relationship with Osama bin Laden’s terrorist group, al Qaeda, by declaring that if the Taliban government did not hand over bin Laden, the U.S. would invade Afghanistan. The War on Terror created a renewed moralism that had effectively disappearedRead MorePopular Culture And Music Affect U.s. Public Opinion On The Vietnam War2148 Words   |  9 PagesTo what extent did popular culture and music affect U.S. public opinion on the Vietnam War? I.B. Internal Assessment Chavez, Miguel History HL Port Chester High School Word Count: 2,131 May 2016 â€Æ' Table of Contents Part A: Plan of Investigation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 3 Part B: Summary of evidence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Page 4 Part C: Evaluation of sources†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 7 Part D: Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 9 Part E: Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MorePresident Kennedy and the Vietnam War Essay1806 Words   |  8 PagesWorld War II, France governed Vietnam as part of French Indochina, which also included Cambodia and Laos. The country was under the formal control of an emperor, Bao Dai. From 1946 until 1954, the Vietnamese struggled for their independence from France during the first Indochina War. At the end of this war, the country was temporarily divided into North and South Vietnam. North Vietnam came under the control of the Vietnamese Communists who had opposed France and aimed for a unified Vietnam underRead MoreMass Media Enslavement and Stupidity: Effects of Media on American Culture and Communication1782 Words   |  8 Pageswith what they believe (Griffin, 2009). An example of this could be through mass media control and owne rship. The number of corporations that control the media has considerably been consolidated over the past 20 years, which censors the amount of viewpoints we are exposed to (VC, 2010). Media ownership today can be traced back to five main companies: AOL Time Warner, Viacom, The Walt Disney Company, Vivendi Universal, and Sony (VC, 2010). The chart provided below summarizes the more popular mediaRead MoreEntry Mode8011 Words   |  33 Pagesunderstand and explain associated phenomena. Among these five basic approaches are particularly prominent and have been applied widely. They are 1. the Stage of Development (SD) model (Johanson and Paul 1975; Brooke 1986), 2. the Transaction Cost Analysis (TCA) model and extensions (Anderson and Gatignon, 1986; Hill et al. 1990; Erramilli and Rao 1993), 3. the Ownership, Location and Internalization (OLI) model (Dunning 1977, 1980, 1988, 1995, 1998, and 2000), 4. the Organization Capacity (OC) modelRead MoreEsquel Group14861 Words   |  60 PagesSome impacts are well understood and easily measurable, while others present more challenges owing to their complexity, variety, uncertainty and synergy. Our aim therefore was to ident ify an organization that would be willing to share information with us and to use this information in a case study on the development and implementation of sustainable development approaches within an organization. Case studies provide a powerful tool for exploring and communicating how decisions are made by organizationsRead MoreTruman Decision5419 Words   |  22 PagesTruman Decision President Harry S. Truman decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan is perhaps the most controversial act of policy in United States history. One of the many different reasons given for the use of this weapon was the shock effect it would produce in the Japanese foreign policy circle. While the shock of the Japanese will be discussed later, it is important to note that it had a similar effect on the west. This shock effect has caused countless authors to speculate as to the motivationRead MoreCsr Communication in the Pharma Industry35538 Words   |  143 PagesCSR COMMUNICATION IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY AN ANALYSIS OF THE WEBSITES OF THREE PHARMACEUTICAL WHOLESALERS MASTER THESIS Author: Josà © Javier Levrino (JL82847) Supervisor: Anne Ellerup Nielsen MA in Corporate Communication Ã…rhus, Denmark. August 2010 CSR COMMUNICATION IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Josà © Javier Levrino Table of contents Abstract 1. Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Problem statement 1.3 Delimitation 1.4 Methodology 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 Scientific paradigm: hermeneuticsRead MoreWritten Sources13665 Words   |  55 Pages RESEARCH PAPER: The Analysis-criticizing Method of Written Sources (Through surveying Kautilya’s Arthashastra) BY NGUYEN THI THANH MAI Department of South Asian Studies Faculty of Oriental Studies University of Social Sciences and Humanities Vietnam National University December, 2012 Abstract Historians have used different kinds of sources to reconstruct the narratives of the past or to create a complete and accurate picture of what happened in the past on such aspects as politics, economyRead MoreWritten Sources13656 Words   |  55 Pages RESEARCH PAPER: The Analysis-criticizing Method of Written Sources (Through surveying Kautilya’s Arthashastra) BY NGUYEN THI THANH MAI Department of South Asian Studies Faculty of Oriental Studies University of Social Sciences and Humanities Vietnam National University December, 2012 Abstract Historians have used different kinds of sources to reconstruct the narratives of the past or to create a complete and accurate picture of what happened in the past on such aspects as politics, economy

Non Extraction Treatment In Class Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Anterior and posterior arch breadths in the eyetooth and molar parts from the most labial facet of buccal surfaces the eyetooths and the grinders were measured with the aid of digital caliper on the survey theoretical accounts and compared statistically to find whether the dental arches were narrower after extraction intervention. Consequences: At the start of the intervention maxillary and inframaxillary intercanine breadths both groups did non differ statistically.At the terminal of Treatment in both the groups anterior and posterior arch breadths were same except for the intercanine dimension which was 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Non Extraction Treatment In Class Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 82 millimeter larger ( P lt ; 0.05 ) in the extraction group. Decision: The extraction intervention does non ensue in narrower alveolar consonant arches than non extraction intervention in intercanine and intermolar part. Clinical significance: The narrow dental arches are non the expected effects of extraction intervention so, esthetically compromising consequence of narrow dental arches on smiling is non a systematic out semen of extraction intervention. Cardinal words: Arch breadth Changes, Intercanine and Intermolar breadth, extraction and Non Extraction Treatment. Introduction: The extraction versus non extraction argument is about every bit old as the coming of orthodontias pattern and boulder clay today the quandary exists. Angle1 believed that all 32 dentitions could be accommodated in the jaws, in an ideal occlusion with the first grinder in Class I occlusion, extractions was bete noire to his ideals, as he believed bone would organize around the dentitions in their place harmonizing to Wolff ‘s law2. However this was criticised by Case who stated that extractions were necessary in order to alleviate crowding and assistance stableness of treatment.3 However depending upon clinical scrutiny, radiographic and accurate diagnosing the extraction determination should be taken. Assorted transverse and perpendicular malrelationships such as crowding, bulge of dentitions are observed in Class I malocclusion which can be handled by extraction or non-extraction intervention depending upon infinite disagreement.However the long term stableness in both interventions is surrounded by a contention. It is good documented fact that addition in dental arch length and breadth during orthodontic intervention tend to return toward their pre-treatment values after retention.4,5,6,7 One of the unfavorable judgment of extraction intervention is that it consequences in narrower arches as compared to non-extraction treatment,8.The popularity of non-extraction intervention are condylar supplanting, narrowed smilings accompanied by dark corners, dished in profiles with extractions and suboptimal inframaxillary growth.9-16 Some surveies claim that dimension alterations occur in both extraction and non-extraction treatments,17 18 It is believed that the pre-treatment values of intercanine and intermolar breadths present a place of muscular balance so it is suggested that the maintaince of these values provide postretention stableness 19,20.Strang21 and Shapiro concluded that inframaxillary intercanine and intermolar breadth dimensions have a strong inclination to get worse. In the past many surveies have been carried out to analyze the effects of extraction and non-extraction intervention but the decisions vary a batch which could be because of different intervention techniques, malocclusion types and sample size examined during these surveies. So the purpose of present survey was to compare dental condescending breadths alterations in Angle Class I malocclusion after extraction of first premolar and non-extraction with a homogeneous survey group in footings of malocclusion and intervention mechanics.The arch breadths were measured in inframaxillary arches because condescending breadths are normally established by inframaxillary arch. Materials and methods In this retrospective survey orthodontic survey theoretical accounts of 30 patients who had first premolar extractions and 30 patients treated without extractions were selected.in the extraction group there were 19 misss and 11 male childs with average age 14.2+-2.9 old ages and in the non-extraction group had 18 male childs and 12 misss with average age 14.3+_2.12 old ages All the patients were treated with preadjusted contraption by assorted teachers in a dental institute. While choice the undermentioned standards were applied All patients had skeletal Class I malocclusion All patients had full compliment of teeth upto 2nd grinders without any losing dentition, excess dentition, or congenitally losing dentitions. None of the patients had a adjunctive contraptions such as quad spiral, any functional contraptions, rapid palatine expander during intervention In the extraction group all patients had first premolar extraction as a portion of orthodontic intervention. With an digital calliper, the breadths of the anterior and posterior parts of the maxillary and inframaxillary alveolar consonant arches were measured in the eyetooth and the molar parts from the most labial facet of the buccal surfaces of those dentitions. The calliper was placed at the best estimation of a right angle to the palatine sutura in the maxillary arch and to a line bisecting the incisor section in the inframaxillary arch. The recorded breadths between the grinders were the widest distances between the first or 2nd grinders. The widest portion of the posterior portion of the arch invariably was in the 2nd molar part. Each distance was measured 3 times, and the norm of the 3 values was used as the concluding step. The duplicability of the measurings was evaluated by analysing the differences between 10 dual measurings of intercanine and intermolar distances, indiscriminately selected and taken at different times. The mistake of measuring was assessed by Dahlberg ‘s expression: Sx = where D is the difference between extra measurings, and N is the figure of dual findings. The mistakes were 0.21 millimeter for inframaxillary intercanine breadth, 0.60 millimeter for inframaxillary intermolar grinder breadth, 0.36 millimeter for maxillary intercanine breadth, and 0.21 millimeter for maxillary intermolar breadth. Means and standard divergences were calculated, and a 2-tailed T trial was used to find statistically important differences with P lt ; 0.05. Consequences The inframaxillary intercanine and intermolar breadths did non demo statistical differences at the start of the intervention in both the groups. ( Table 1 ) At the terminal of intervention the condescending breadths of both the groups were besides statistically similar except in inframaxillary eyetooth part. ( Table 2 ) The mean inframaxillary intercanine dimension was 0.82 millimeter larger in extraction sample than non-extraction sample. During intervention the average inframaxillary eyetooth width addition was 1.28mm in extraction group and the 0.66mm addition in non-extraction group which was non statistically important. ( Table 3 A ; 4 ) The inframaxillary intermolar breadths for both extraction and non-extraction group were non changed. Table 1. Pretretment inframaxillary intercanine and intermolar arch breadths: agencies and SD ( millimeter ) Extraction ( n=30 ) Non-extraction ( n=30 ) Significance Intercanine 30.47 AÂ ± 2.09 30.27 AÂ ± 1.82 Nitrogen Intermolar 59.25 AÂ ±2.92 59.05AÂ ± 1.67 Nitrogen NS-Not Significant Table 2. station intervention upper jaw and inframaxillary arch intercanine and intermolar breadths: agencies and SD ( millimeter ) Extraction ( n=30 ) Non-extraction ( n=30 ) Difference Significance Mx Intercanine 39.12 AÂ ± 1.98 39.84 AÂ ± 1.81 0.72 Nitrogen Md Intercanine 31.75 AÂ ± 1.84 30.93 AÂ ± 1.92 0.82 0.01 Mx Intemolar 61.01 AÂ ± 1.98 60.98 AÂ ± 2.09 0.03 Nitrogen Md Intemolar 59.81 AÂ ± 1.25 59.01 AÂ ±1.98 0.80 Nitrogen Mx- Maxillary ; Md- Mandibular ; NS-Not Significant Table 3.Mandibular intercanine and intermolar breadth alterations: agencies and SD ( millimeter ) Extraction ( n=30 ) Pre-Treatment Post- Treatment Difference Md Intercanine 30.47AÂ ± 2.09 31.75 AÂ ± 1.84 1.28 Mendelevium Intermolar 59.25 AÂ ± 2.92 59.81 AÂ ± 1.25 0.56 Md-Mandibular ; NS-Not Significant. Table 4.Mandibular intercanine and intermolar breadth alterations: agencies and SD ( millimeter ) Non-extraction ( n=30 ) Pre-treatment Post- Treatment Difference Md Intercanine 30.27 AÂ ± 1.82 30.93 AÂ ± 1.92 0.66 Mendelevium Intermolar 59.05 AÂ ± 1.67 59.01 AÂ ± 1.98 0.04 Md-Mandibular ; NS-Not Significant. Discussion The two grounds for which the extraction interventions are criticised are that they result in narrow alveolar consonant arches which are unesthetic because of big black trigons in buccal corridors and it is stated that the intercanine and intermolar breadths tend to diminish during station keeping period 5,19-22 Harmonizing to findings of the present survey the arch breadth in both eyetooth and molar part in the inframaxillary arches did non demo any statistical important results.in fact the arches in extraction group were about 0.82mm wider than non-extraction group. Although these findings might non fulfill some writers who support non-extraction interventions. The consequences of this survey can be compared with surveies on station intervention long term stableness in which inframaxillary incisor stableness was acceptable. The inframaxillary intercanine breadth increased 1.07mm in an extraction sample23 in contrast in non-extraction topics where the addition in inframaxillary intercanine dimension was less than 1mm in Class I 24,25 and Class II patients.. In boundary line instances the long term addition in intrecanine breadth was 1mm in extraction interventions and 0.5mm in non-extraction 26 treatments.Luppanapornlarp and Johnston found that inframaxillary intercanine breadth of extraction topics was greater at all phases of intervention in extraction instances than in non-extraction instances which indicate that extraction of 4 first bicuspids does non bespeak narrowing of arches.27BeGole et Al 28 found 1.58mm addition in extraction sample as compared to 0.95mm in non-extraction sample.Udhe et al 29 found a larger addition in extraction group than in non-extraction group. Gianelly 5 studied inter arch alterations of extraction and non-extraction groups and found that the alterations in maxillary and inframaxillary arch breadths indicated that extraction intervention does non ensue in narrower arches than non-extraction groups. This determination is in conformity with the present study.On the footing of constructs documented in the literature13,30,31 1 might anticipate narrower arches after extraction.However Kim and Gianelly suggested that the breadths of the both the arches were 1-2mm larger when compared with the condescending breadths of non-extraction group at a standardized arch depth.The intermolar breadths of both the groups were same after intervention this determination supports the position of Johnson and smith32. Who stated that arch breadth at any peculiar location is maintained or somewhat increased after extraction. Weinberg and sadowsky33 found important addition in inframaxillary intercanine and intermolar breadth in class1 malocclusion treated non-extraction and stated that the enlargement of buccal sections in the inframaxillary arches helped in declaration of Class I herding. However 16 out of 30 patients had some sort of palatal expander which might hold contributed to inframaxillary enlargement In the present survey no interventions were given for enlargement. To some research workers maxillary arch breadth is deciding of smile esthetics,34, the maxillary arch breadths in extraction and non-extraction groups were same so it can be expected that the intervention effects in maxillary arches will be the same, and there will be no difference in esthetic tonss in both the groups.In fact the intercanine breadths in extraction groups were wider than non-extraction group. However the hereafter surveies in the maxillary arches in assorted malocclusion categorizations with assorted intervention mechanics will be productive. It is stated that enlargement more than 1-1.5mm in intercanine enlargement is unstable so appliances designed to increase arch width more than this were non used in the present survey. On the footing of findings of the present survey it can be said that extraction instances do non ensue in narrow dental arches than non-extraction instances and thereby do non hold compromising consequence on smiling esthetics and stableness of orthodontic intervention. However future surveies with assorted malocclusion groups, intervention mechanics, larger sample size and long term alterations in arch dimensions will be utile. Decisions The present survey findings indicate that the premolar extractions to alleviate crowding does non ensue in narrowing of dental arches in extraction interventions when compared to non-extraction interventions. A proper intervention program and intervention mechanics in accurately diagnosed instance can ensue in intervention success regardless of extraction or non-extraction intervention. Clinical significance: The narrow dental arches are non the expected effects of extraction intervention so, esthetically compromising consequence of narrow dental arches on smiling is non a systematic out semen of extraction intervention. How to cite Non Extraction Treatment In Class Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Yeats Burns And Wordsworth Poems Essays - Scottish Literature

Yeats Burns And Wordsworth Poems In this assignment I will compare and contrast three poems based on the theme of love. I will look at ?He Wishes For The Cloths Of Heaven' by W.B Yeats, Robert Burns' ?A Red,Red Rose' and the ?Lucy Poems' by Wordsworth. I will focus on each poet's tradition and culture, the poet's use of language and the similarities and differences between each poem. I will conclude the assignment with my personal response. ?He Wishes For The Cloths Of Heaven' was written by W.B Yeats. William Butler Yeats was born in Dublin in 1865. He abandoned his painting career after only three years to pursue a writing career with lyrics and plays. He eventually developed his own individual style and his work was known for being particularly ?Irish'. He went on writing for the rest of his life, and eventually died in 1948. In the poem ?He Wishes For The Cloths Of Heaven' W.B Yeats expresses his love for Maud Gonne. Gonne was an extreme Nationalist who rejected W.B Yeats and eventually married Major John MacBride in 1903. After this period there is a noticeable change in Yeats' poetry, perhaps because he realised his dreams of a life with Maud could never become a reality. In ?He Wishes For The Cloths Of Heaven' the tone is calm and peaceful, due to the sibilants used, nasal and ?L' sounds which combine to create a dreamlike tone: "Silver light" "Softly" "Embroidered cloths" To help the tone flow peacefully along there are no exclamation marks, dashes or monosyllables to interrupt the flow. Yeats creates a soft rhyming melody and tune, almost like a lullaby. The natural stress in each word helps to create the rhythm, A B A B C D C D. Yeats' use of language creates very clear visual images, eg ?heaven' has connotations of peace ,serenity, almost a nirvana. Likewise ?embroidered' has connotations of perfection, an infinite array of colours. Throughout the poem Yeats concentrates on colours, especially different shades of blues of the sky, representing the passage of time, seasons changing but that throughout all the changes the sky still remains beautiful yet unattainable. In the first four lines of the poem Yeats creates a detailed image of heaven and its perfection and beauty. Through this he states his wishes/ In the following four lines he reveals what he would do with those wishes. He lays his soul bare, and shows the depth of his love by declaring his undying love for Maud Gonne. The only person who deserves such wealth as the heavens, is Maud. If Yeats were God, and owned the heavens, the only one worthy of receiving them would be Maud. He elaborates on this by saying even the heavens would only be good enough for her to walk upon. By stating this, Yeats is exalting his love: she is like a Goddess and he is undeserving of her. He deems himself unworthy and humbles himself. In the following line Yeats writes: "But I, being poor, have only my dreams." Through this, Yeats suddenly becomes more realistic: he knows he is not God and he knows he doesn't own the heavens. The only thing of value and beauty he owns are his dreams. He has made himself vulnerable by spreading all his dreams and desires before Maud, and now she must decide if she will return his love and make his wildest dreams come true, or trample and tear his cloths and shatter his dreams. The poem ends softly: "Tread softly because you tread on my dreams." He is waiting anxiously to see her reaction and is gently pleading that she will not reject him. Through this last line he is begging her to be kind: she has his heart and dreams in her hand; she has the power to decide his fate. This poem is similar to Burns' and Wordsworth's poems in many ways. All three sound like a song, a gentle calming lullaby. Each poem creates visual imagery from nature surrounding them. They are also similar due to the language used. None of the poems use complex, elaborate, difficult, language but instead, plain language that is easily understood by all, Burns' poem also contains some Scots dialect. The three poems are also similar as the subject of all three poems is love. In both Wordsworth's and Yeats' poem the love was unreturned. The most striking thing about ?A Red, Red Rose' by Robert Burns is the ScotS dialect used. Burns was born in 1759, as the

Asia Pacific Economic essays

Asia Pacific Economic essays The purpose of this report is to analyze the business process in Asia by planning a business venture in China. The report will present and apply knowledge in terms of the strategic business planning and development process. With nearly 1.3 billion people, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) is the worlds largest country and the worlds fastest-growing economy. Since its opening to the outside world in 1978 China has begun building a modern, internationally oriented industrial economy based on imports of technology and export-oriented production (Genzberger A. C, 1995, P1). Chinas political, economic and investment environment are changing, albeit gradually, and it has a growing core of forward-looking technocrats committed to economic reform. 2.1 What analysis would you want to undertake before actually considering market entry into China. Australia is Chinas thirteenth largest source of utilized FDI (foreign direct investment), with 2500 direct investment projects in a wide range of fields (China Daily, 4 Jan 1997). Evidences show that sixty per cent of Australian firms were interested in China, citing the huge potential of the market, low labour costs and Australias economic interests being largely in East Asia. Although there were a lot of barriers during investment process, for example, a complex and often conflicting system of administrative controls regulates access by foreign investors to Chinas market, the limited availability of foreign exchange, inadequate protection for intellectual property, barriers to market access and production controls, treatment hat is unequal when compared with that of domestic companies, and the lack of an adequate mechanism for resolving disputes (Genzberger A. C, 1995, P43), the number of Australian cumulative investment in China increased to around A$1 billion, with realized ou tlays averaging over A$200 million per year recently- mostly in manufact...

The Statue of Libertys Origins in Egypt

The Statue of Liberty's Origins in Egypt No, Miss Liberty of Statue-of-Liberty fame wasnt always imagined as the scowling, linebacker-throated Midwestern matron of steely spiky Germanic stock that she is today. She was supposed to look like an Arab peasant, robed in the folds of Muslim precepts. She wasnt even supposed to be eternally standing at the entrance of New York Harbor, warning new arrivals to the New World about New Jersey to her right. Thats all schoolbook revisionism designed not to traumatize young American pupils with the reality behind Liberty: that she was supposed to be the welcome maam at the entrance of the Suez Canal in Egypt, that her name was supposed to be either Egypt or Progress, and that the flame she was brandishing was to symbolize the light she was bringing to Asia, which had claims to newness all its own. Lighting the Way to Asia All this from the imaginative scruffles of Frà ©dà ©ric Auguste Bartholdi, the Alsatian-French sculptor whod fallen in love with his own Orientalist fantasies about the Middle East after a trip to Egypts Luxor spreads in 1855. He liked Egypts colossal sculptures, those granite beings of imperturbable majesty with their eyes seemingly fixed on the limitless future. He liked just as much the then-fashionable notions of Europeans thinking themselves the Orients the best thing since unsliced baklava. Bartholdi returned to Egypt in 1869 with the blueprints for a toga-draped giant of a woman whod double-up as a lighthouse at the entrance of the Suez Canal, which opened that year to fanfare and (British and French) stockholders delight. The Suez Canal may have been in Egypt. But Egypt wasnt reaping its monetary benefits. The American Civil War had done wonders for Egyptian wealth thanks to the blockade of Southern cotton, which turned Egyptian cotton into gold. But the price of cotton crashed after the Civil War and so did Egypts economy. Suez revenue could have picked up the slack. Instead, it went into the pockets of European investors (until Egypts Gama Abdel Nasser nationalized the waterway in 1956, to the disingenuous fury of France and Britain). From Lady Egypt to Lady Liberty As Bartholdi was sketching one likeness of his great statue after another, it became apparent that his plan would never get Egypts financing. Bartholdi was crushed. He sailed to New York. And there, as his ship was entering New York Harbor, he saw Bedloes Island, deserted, oval-shaped, perfectly positioned to bear his creation. She wouldnt be Egypt. But shed still be Bartholds. He worked out an arrangement with Gustav Eiffel to build the statue in 350 pieces in Paris, for the French government to pay for the statue (that was back when French and Americans had more respect than reproach for each other), and with American donors to pay for the 89-foot pedestal. Bartholdis goal was to have the dedication coincide with the centennial of the American Revolution, somewhere around July 4, 1876. It happened a bit later, on Oct. 28, 1886, with a military, naval and civic parade in Manhattan, ending at the Battery at the tip of the island, with Gen. Charles P. Stone, who as the statues American engineer, was essentially its midwife, was the parades grand marshal. She was no longer an Egyptian woman. She was Liberty Enlightening the World. New York Inaugurates Liberty The weather did not cooperate. The rain was so bad that a New York Times editorial called it almost a national misfortune that robbed the pageant of much of its effect. Not that U.S. President Grover Cleveland was going to miss a chance to make himself slightly immortal by association with Lady Liberty as he accepted this grand and imposing work of art, though in words of granite neither grand nor imposing: This token of the affection and consideration of the people of France assures us that in our efforts to command to mankind a government resting upon popular will, we still have beyond the American continent a steadfast ally, while it also demonstrates the kinship of the republic. At that point, the historical record notes that there were loud cheers, not least those wondering who wrote that stuff. But Cleveland got a bit more colorful in his next salvo: We are not here today to bow before the representative of a fierce and warlike god, filled with wrath and vengeance, but instead, we contemplate our own peaceful deity keeping watch before the open gates of America. Well, the battleship Tennessees warlike batteries, which had just boomed, notwithstanding. Instead of grasping in her hands the thunderbolts of terror and of death, she holds aloft the light that illumines the way to mans enfranchisement. More cheers. Libertys light, he concluded, shall pierce the darkness of ignorance and mens oppression until liberty shall enlighten the world. Egypt Forgotten Of Egypts inspiration in all this, not a word. The majority of the hundreds of thousands of immigrants from the Middle East, Egyptians among them, would never know the statues genesis, only their own. And their own, to this day (even though theyve long ago stopped sailing into New York Harbor as immigrants), remains one mired in the authoritarian, unfree grasp of regimes from the Hindu Kush to West and North Africa that have yet to see the light Cleveland spoke of, and Bartholdi imagined. One last irony: Bedloes Island was not officially renamed until many years later when it became Liberty Island. The year? 1956. Gamal Abdel Nasser must have smiled.

MKTG 4050 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

MKTG 4050 - Essay Example ing of Research and Development for Dell’s offerings keeps development cost while still ensuring innovation and high technologically advanced product offering. There are also various products to choose from Dell because of its product expansion strategy that can compete with other leading brands such as HP and IBM. Furthermore, the fast delivery of service and after sales service can be done through online with Dell. The value proposition for Dell is effective for a certain market segment that is after of the idea of both quality and product cost. Dell’s strategy is a low-cost strategy and a portion of focus differentiation considering that it tries to create big consideration on Research and Development for both product and cost. Dell essentially believes that it cannot totally pass on the production cost to its customers so the best way to do is to create better management on its Supply Chain Management system. What Dell tries to emphasize is that a low-cost product offering may not necessarily mean low quality at all, but at some point, there has to be something given up or adjusted in the entire supply chain management system. Dell could not compromise quality and cost together so the best way it does is to outsource its Research and Development. In the end, what makes Dell a personal choice of brand is its ability to maintain affordability without compromising the quality of its product

Research project on Maritime transportation Paper

Project on Maritime transportation - Research Paper Example Primarily, this research project analyses the background, research problems, research objectives, literature review as well as shortcomings in the maritime transport. In the late 1960’s, the air travel was most embraced way of travel to the oversea. However, there was a very slight change in the ships transport in the 1960’s.on contrary, efficient in the engine did improve the carrying capacity of the ships regarding the public lounges, deck space and the passenger staterooms as effect from 1950’s.here in, this ships did transport passengers pertaining their classes for instance, third, second and first class. Following this, passengers in first class were more luxurious as compared to those in the second and third class. Mostly, frequent transportation was from New York all the way to London. following this, the most known ships in the era of ocean liners were the Queen Mary, Carolina ,Ocean Monarch and the Laconia just to mention but a few. Notably, the actual change did come in during 1960’s with the sell of 747s and other aircrafts all over the world. Besides, the â€Å"United States Federal Aviation Administration† established a global network of airport transportation. Following this, boat travel was not practical and economical since the rate of the jumbo had come into existence. Progressively, since passengers opted to travel with air, it was clear that the maritime transport could end. Apparently, the Love Boat decided to opt to the idea of luxury exploration, apart from the usual transport ability. Therefore, in order to revive this nature of maritime transport, the Love Boat made it more luxurious in order to capture the interest of those who wanted to travel in luxury or was going to vacation, and this was in influence by the year 1970s. Following this, there was a growth in the cruise ship vocational travel in all social classes. Casinos, Ocean Viewers, Pools and onboard entertainment were all available on the cruise ships.

Immanuel Kants Ethics Of Pure Duty and John Stuart Mills Utilitarian

Immanuel Kant's The Grounding For The Metaphysics of Morals and John Stuart Mill's Utilitarianism Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers who addressed the issues of morality in terms of how moral traditions are formed. Immanuel Kant has presented one viewpoint in "The Grounding For The Metaphysics of Morals" that is founded on his belief that the worth of man is inherent in his ability to reason. John Stuart Mill holds another opinion as presented in the book, "Utilitarianism" that is seemingly in contention with the thoughts of Kant. What is most distinctive about the ethics of morality is the idea of responsibilities to particular individuals. According to Kant and Mill, moral obligations are not fundamentally particularistic in this way because they are rooted in universal moral principles. Mill and Kant are both philosophers whom have made great impact on their particular fields of philosophy and a critique of their theories in relation to each other may help develop a better understanding to them and their theories individually. Mill?s utilitarianism theory is a version of the ideal judgment theory. So is Kant?s, but there are differences. Mill holds an empiricist theory while Kant holds a rationalist theory. Kant grounds morality in forms that he believes, are necessary to free and rational practical judgment, namely his deontological ethics. Mill?s utilitarian theory is a form of consequentialism because the rightness or wrongness of an act is determined by the consequences. Thus, deontologicalism and consequentialism are the main criticisms for both these theories. Kant?s ethics of pure duty is the basis for his categorical imperative, which provides the basis for his universalist duty based theory. Mill?s theory of utilitarianism is a primary form of consequentialism. Both deontologicalism and consequentialism are valid points of argument to the ethics of an action but they are also argumentative towards each other. Mill, in his later work, On Liberty, adds deontologicalism to correct his consequentialis t view. John Stuart Mill, who made utilitarianism the subject of one of his philosophical treatise Utilitarianism (1863), is the most proficient defender of this doctrine after Jeremy Bentham. His contribution to the theory consists in his recognition of distinctions of quality, in addition to those of intensity, among pleasu... ... will is the distinction of rational beings to all else, we may take this direction to always respecting the will of others. However, Kant cannot expect that we never act contrary to someone's will because this could not be followed in a situation where wills conflict. It might be closer to Kant's idea to interpret him as requiring persons always to respect others as capable of acting for principles, and thus ably prepared to restrain our actions towards others if they or we could not will our maxim to be universal law. Works Cited: Mill, John Stuart, Utilitarianism, Hackett Publishing Company Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 1979, Original Publication, 1861 Kant Immanuel, Grounding For The Metaphysics Of Morals, Third Edition, Hackett Publishing Company Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 1993, Original Publication, 1785 Internet Sources Consulted Kant, Immanuel. â€Å"Selections from Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals.† Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals (1993): 104-112. Blackboard. Web. 12 Apr. 2015. Mill, John Stuart, Utilitarianism, N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2015. .

Wrongful Termination

Wrongful Termination Kenneth L. Mowery BUS670: Legal Environment Prof. Alexis Hooley August 20, 2012 Wrongful Termination â€Å"Over the past 20 to 25 years courts have been carving out common law exceptions to employment at will† (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, & Langvardt, 2010, p. 1338). One of those exceptions is that of wrongful termination or unjust dismissal. In the past three years there have been five wrongful termination suits brought against Haywood Regional Medical Center.Three cases ended positively for the plaintiffs, while the other two showed that the Medical Center had the stronger case and that the Medical Center had just cause to terminate the employee. . â€Å"The remedies in successful wrongful discharge suits depend heavily on whether the plaintiff’s claim sounds in contract or in tort, with tort remedies being more advantageous for plaintiffs† (Mallor et al. , 2010, p. 1338). If the plaintiff can prove his or her case against the employer for wron gful discharge or termination, the employee can recover damages from the employer.The burden of proof lies with the plaintiff to prove wrongful termination and remedies can be costly for the employer. The employer can avoid the liability of a wrongful termination suit by keeping up with the policies and procedures and performance evaluations of its employees. Employment at Will Let us look at different exceptions to the common-law doctrine of employment-at-will. â€Å"The rule says that either party can terminate an employment contract of indefinite duration. The termination can occur at any time; and can be for good cause or no cause† (Mallor et al. , 2010, p. 1338).However, according to Hames and his evaluation of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the National Labor Relations Act, and the Occupational Safety and Health Act, there must be no formal employment contract for a specified period of time and there can be no statutory prohibitions to the contrary (1991, p. 122). Hospitals hire many individuals with different backgrounds, skills, and values, so it is difficult to, as Hames states, â€Å"devise personnel policies and practices that are perceived as fair and just by the majority of their employees† (1991, p. 22). With this in mind, the cause for termination may also be a morally wrong cause. What may seem right to the employer may be wrong, morally, for the employees. Because hospitals hire such a diverse population of employees, many are â€Å"at risk† for wrongful termination suits against them. In his research, Hames noted that in many cases there has been the implication that the courts have eroded the Employment-at-will doctrine, which leave employers with little discretion regarding who they can fire and under what circumstances (1991, p. 122).This can leave employee at many hospitals little protection against wrongful termination. Exceptions to the Employment-at-will doctrine we re mentioned earlier; we will first examine the Public Policy Exception. Public Policy Exception â€Å"The public policy exception to the doctrine of employment-at-will asserts that employees may not be terminated for refusing to perform an act that is contrary to a clearly mandated public policy nor for performing an act that is consistent with such a public policy† (Hames, 1991, p. 123). Employers may not terminate the employment of an employee for morally wrong causes.This can be seen in Wagenseller v. Scottsdale Memorial Hospital (1985), where Wagenseller was fired from her job at the hospital for not engaging in morally wrong activities; mooning an audience and bathing in public being two of them (Hames, 1991, p. 123). If the employee is discharged or fired from their job for not performing morally wrong activities, the employee will be able to win a wrongful termination suit against the employer. In her case against Scottsdale Memorial Hospital, â€Å"the court conclud ed that firing someone for refusing to expose her buttocks violates public policy in Arizona† (Hames, 1991, p. 23). A doctor at Miramichi Regional Hospital won his wrongful termination suit against the hospital because the board did not explain their reasons for dismissing him (Barry, 2005). Dr. Shaikh’s attorney argued â€Å"that in the interest of fairness, Shaikh should have been given notice of his termination and a meeting to defend himself; instead of six months notice, the hospital was ordered to pay Shaikh six months’ salary† (Barry, 2005). This may not fall under public policy; however, it does fall under morality.It was morally wrong for the hospital to dismiss the services of the doctor with no reason being given. It was also morally wrong for the hospital to dismiss the doctor without giving him the right to defend himself. Implied Contract Exception â€Å"The implied contract exception to the at-will rule asserts that employers’ statem ents or actions regarding job security or termination procedures may constitute legally enforceable obligations if they are communicated to applicants/employees and if they are sufficiently specific to permit the courts to discern their intentions† (Hames, 1991, p. 25). An example given by Hames is that of Leikvold v. Valley View Community Hospital (1984). Leikvold was the director of nursing and asked to be reassigned to an available operating room supervisor position. Her job performance was exceptional if not satisfactory; however the CEO of the hospital fired her on the grounds that it was inappropriate to seek demotions (Hames, 1991, p. 125). Patient safety issues are implied at every hospital that I have worked for, and it would seem that this is implied at all hospitals.A nurse filed a wrongful termination suit against the Youville HealthCare Center alleging that he was released because of pointing out â€Å"serious patient safety issues. † (Pham, 1997). Barry Ad ams, the RN, stated that he had noted many medication errors, patients left in unclean situations, and patient that had fall precautions that were being left alone, many of these falling. â€Å"Adams said in his lawsuit that Youville administrators fired him in October after he wrote several memos to hospital officials documenting unsafe patient conditions and requesting help† (Pham, 1997).It was Adams’ implied contract of patient safety that won his wrongful termination lawsuit against the Youville HealthCare Center. One of the cases against Haywood Regional Medical Center, mentioned in the outset, was when a nurse was fired for refusing to administer a medication, which the doctor ordered, to a patient. The nurse stated that the medication consisted of an ingredient that the patient was allergic to, and this was noted in the patient’s chart. The nurse was dismissed due to insubordination; however, she won the wrongful termination lawsuit against the hospital b ecause she was doing the ob that she was hired to do; taking care of her patient. Taking safe care of patients is an implied contract by this hospital. All employees are to safely care for their patients even if it means going against a higher authority’s order. Good Faith and Fair Dealing Exception â€Å"The good faith and fair dealing exception to the at-will rule generally provides that employers may not terminate their employees in bad faith or for bad cause if doing so deprives them of the benefits of their agreement† (Hames, 1991, p. 128).For example, Hames explains, â€Å"A Bozeman Deaconess Hospital employee was fired during her probationary period for insubordination, disrupting patient care, disorderly conduct, unsatisfactory performance, violating safety and health rules, and breaching confidentiality, each of which were disputed† (Hames, 1991, p. 128). The employee sued the hospital on the grounds that her release breached the implied covenant of goo d faith and fair dealing. The administrator had told her that he would investigate the situations that had caused her termination, but he had only interviewed two individuals that had apparently seen the incidents.This employee â€Å"was allowed to join various benefit plans for which only permanent employees were eligible, her employment was not evaluated at the end of 500 hours as required by hospital policy, and there was no reference to her probationary status included in any of the hospital’s correspondence regarding her discharge† (Hames, 1991, p. 129). She had good faith that she would be an employee at the hospital for the length of her contract. She was not dealt with in a fair manner when it came to investigating the situations that resulted in her discharge from the hospital.Hospitals must be cautious of releasing their employees without rhyme or reason. Investigations should be thoroughly done in order to avoid wrongful termination suits. Investigative Proc edures In order to prevent a wrongful termination suit, an employer must investigate the situation thoroughly. Another case from Haywood Regional Hospital that ended in a wrongful termination suit was when the Director of Nursing had a nurse fired due to inadequate care given to a patient that had undergone respiratory distress during the night and later that morning was being transferred to another facility to deal with her problems.The Director of Nursing based her decision to fire the nurse based on what the CNA and another nurse had said. The CNA was caring for the said patient and the nurse that was fired was over the CNA. The CNA stated that she had mentioned to the nurse that her patient was having trouble breathing, but the nurse stated that the patient always does that to get attention. Another nurse corroborated the CNA’s statement. Upon further investigation, it was found that the CNA and the other nurse had lied to the nurse that was fired and had lied about the s ituation to the Director of Nursing.The nurse that was fired won her wrongful termination suit. Janet Michael, of Nursing Management Personnel at Mountain View Healthcare states that â€Å"when doing an investigation, one must not rely on just one or two individual’s statements; a complete investigation when firing an individual would entail an interview with all that were present on the day of the said accusation† (2004, p. 20). This is a very important step when wanting to avoid a wrongful termination suit.Michael also states that â€Å"before deciding to terminate a nurse, you must perform a complete investigation of the situation; talk to all potential witnesses and appropriately gather the necessary evidence to support your termination decision† (2004, p. 20). The Director of Nursing at Haywood Regional failed to do this and terminated the employment of a great worker and cost the hospital money on the suit that followed. Janet Michael also states that risk management, the facility’s attorney, human resources, and any person with the expertise dealing with the situation should be consulted (2004, p. 0). Policies and procedures should be reviewed as well as the state and federal laws that might affect the circumstances. Costs of Wrongful Termination â€Å"Second only to shareholder suits, wrongful termination lawsuits account for 13% of all lawsuits; further, there are strong indications that the penchant for disgruntled former employees litigating the discharge decision is on the rise, including a recent study revealing that such employees in 1997 filed more than 24,000 wrongful termination lawsuits in federal court, up 77% from 1993† (Gardner, Gomes, & Morgan, 2000, p. 8) It is going to cost an employer a great deal of funds if said employer loses a wrongful termination suit. â€Å"Successful plaintiffs are securing ever-increasing awards from judges and juries . . . the median jury award for a wrongful discharged empl oyee rose from $120,736 in 1992 to $205,794 in 1996; a 70% increase in only four years† (Gardner et al. , 2000, p. 39). Imagine what the increase would be now in 2012. Remedies to avoid wrongful termination suits can be as simple as having a written and up-to-date policies and procedure manual on hand.If this is available, directors, managers, and supervisors will have the tools necessary to avoid a wrongful termination liability. Gardner mentions that aggressive performance management is a must; in doing so, companies provide a vehicle to: (1) inform employees of management’s expectations, (2) identify problem areas, and (3) provide opportunities for improvement (2000, p. 40). Avoiding Liability for Wrongful Termination In my experience, employers have seemed to always have the upper hand when it came to the termination of an employee.I have seen people fired for good reasons, bad reasons, and for no reason, and nothing ever came of the situation. Now days, an employer must â€Å"be on their toes† in order to avoid the liability for wrongful termination. As was stated earlier, the Employment-at-Will doctrine has been eroding over a period of time. â€Å"Over time, however, court and legislators began recognizing the inequality of bargaining power between employer and employee and that the inability of employees to protect themselves from unjust actions by their employers had not just economic ramifications, but also emotional and social ramifications† (Ballam, 2000, p. 57). Tomlinson and Bockanic state that an employer’s â€Å"first line of defense is to communicate at-will employment status periodically throughout the employee’s tenure, noting such critical disclaimers in the employment application, the offer letter, and the employee handbook† (2009, p. 82). The employer must be sure to communicate, at least yearly, the at-will status of the employee. Employers must not send the message to their employees that as long as they do good work, they will be employees with the company forever.Situations may arise in which the employer must cut back on a number of employees in order to make the budget or to break even. There is always a possibility of one losing their job, whether it is for a good reason, a bad reason, or for no reason. If these items are communicated with the employee on a regular basis, the employer may be able to avoid the liability of a wrongful termination suit against them. Disciplinary policies should also be included in the communication to employees.One of the lawsuits filed against Haywood Regional Medical Center dealt with the employee stating that he had no idea of the disciplinary policies of the hospital, however after further investigation, it was noted that he had in fact received these policies on the date of hire, as well as each year of the two years that he was employed with the hospital. Fortunately for the hospital, this wrongful termination suit was not wo n by the plaintiff.Tomlinson and Bockanic also note that â€Å"performance appraisals should be conducted on a regular basis, with careful and accurate evaluations based on the essential requirements of the position as specified in the job description† (Tomlinson & Bockanic, 2009, p. 83). If an employer keeps up with the performance evaluations of their employees then if the time comes to terminate the employee, the employer will have the employee’s evaluations there for back-up as well as something to fall back on, especially if the employee’s performance had been declining throughout the years.A proper performance evaluation will let the employer know which employees are improving and which ones are declining in the duties that they are supposed to perform. Wrongful termination suits can be seen to plague employers from all over the globe. Many employers terminate their employees for good reasons, for bad reasons, and for no reason at all. Employers also may t end to fire their employees under immoral pretenses. However, what is right for one individual may not be right for another. When filing a wrongful termination suit, it is up to the plaintiff.If the plaintiff can prove his or her case against the employer for wrongful discharge or termination, the employee can recover damages from the employer. The burden of proof lies with the plaintiff to prove wrongful termination and remedies can be costly for the employer. The employer can avoid the liability of a wrongful termination suit by keeping up with the policies and procedures and performance evaluations of its employees. References: Ballam, D. A. (2000) Employment-at-will: The impending death of a doctrine.American Business Law Journal, 37(4), 653-687. Retrieved from: http://search. proquest. com/docview/203397796? accountid=32521 Barry, A. (2005, Dec. 10). Miramichi doctor wins wrongful dismissal lawsuit; judge says hospital board didn’t explain reasons for dismissing physicia n. The Times – Transcript. pp. A. 8. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/422926221? accountid=32521 Gardner, S. , Gomes, G. M. , & Morgan, J. F. (2000). Wrongful termination and the expanding public policy exception: Implications and advice.S. A. M. Advanced Management Journal, 65(1), 38-44. Retrieved from: http://search. proquest. com/docview/231235990/? accountid=32521 Hames, D. S. (1991). Liability for wrongful terminations: Are hospitals at risk? Hospital & Health Services Administration, 36(1), 121. Retrieved from: http://search. proquest. com/docview/206719067? accountid=32521 Mallor, J. P. , Barnes, A. J. , Bowers, T. , & Langvardt, A. W. (2010) Business Law: The Ethical, Global, and E-Commerce Environment. 14th edition). Boston. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. References Cont. : Michael, J. E. (2004). Investigate thoroughly to avoid wrongful termination suits. Nursing Management, 35(5), 20-20, 22, 53. Retrieved from: http://search. proquest. com/docview/23 1333715? accountid=32521 Pham, A. (1997, Mar. 19). State faults youville in overdose death of patient news of probe comes as ex-nurse who alleged serious patient safety issues files wrongful termination suit against hospital.Boston Globe, pp. F. 1-F, 1:4. Retrieved from: http://search. proquest. com/docview/403833649? accountid=32521 Tomlinson, E. C. , & Bockanic, W. N. (2009). Avoiding liability for wrongful termination: â€Å"ready, aim, . . . fire! †. Employee Responsibility and Rights Journal, 21(2), 77-87. doi: 10. 1007/s10672-008-9068-0. Retrieved from: http://search. proquest. com/docview/219426148/fulltextPDF/6? accountid=32521

Army Vs. Military Army - 1549 Words

Another change occurred, in that armies changed from being mercenary based to kingdoms establishing their own standing armies. As a result, professional soldiers emerged which only continued to elevate the common soldier’s status in society. This occurred for a few reasons. Before arquebuses, a state maintaining a standing army was incredibly dangerous and expensive to handle. A standing army under a commander was mechanically difficult to manage while standing bowmen, as stated before, required constant training to be effective. Granted, it was possible that a standing army could be stronger than a mercenary based army, but most countries did not want to take the continual drain on their resources. The French had developed a standing army merely out of necessity for themselves due to the Hundred Years War. However, with arquebuses, states could have the benefits of a standing army, but without technically having one. Once initially trained, Arquebuses could reside in their local communities until the kingdom called them. With this, Commanders now had to hold a better appreciation of these communities since that is where their troops came from instead of Condottieri having to recruit their mercenary armies individually. As the effectiveness of arquebuses continued to grow during the Italian Wars, they expectedly caught the attention of the philosophers of the time whose works pushed these new cultural attitudes toward the common soldier. Perhaps one of the greatestShow MoreRelatedThe Main Causes Of The Fall Of Great Societies1328 Words   |  6 Pagesstring through many of the societies are: political corruption, differing opinions in religion and excessive military spending. This information not only shows us information that caused powerful societies to fall but also shows what people right now can do to prevent the fail of societies today. 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